In the non-cancer group versus cancer group pairing, the genes Ang2, CD28, and Foxo3a were associated with apoptosis in non-cancer contexts only, Pim1, Hsp90, and EGFR were associated with apoptosis in cancer contexts only, and p53, RAB25, and E2F-1 were associated with apoptosis in both non-cancer and cancer contexts. Here, E2F1 is linked to cancer.