SNCA and Parkinson disease: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons, which are localized mostly in the substantia nigra, but also in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and peripheral neurons [31,32], and by the intraneural deposition of aggregates constituted of Lewy bodies, which are formed by α-synuclein and ubiquitin, and by chronic neuroinflammation [33].