Mizumura et al. discovered that CS induces PINK1-dependent mitochondrial autophagy and dysfunction in epithelial cells, with increased expression of mitochondrial autophagy protein PINK1 and necroptotic regulator RIPK3 in lung tissues of COPD mice, suggesting that CS regulates cell death through initiation of mitochondrial autophagy and necroptosis, contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD [127]. Here, PINK1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.