TLR4 and metabolic syndrome: More recently, it has been shown that the carotenoid lycopene may ameliorate hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and attenuate beta-cell apoptosis by regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway, both in islets of diabetic mice and in Min6 beta cells stimulated with the conditioned medium collected from RAW264.7 cells treated with glucose/palmitate [40].