TLR2 and colitis: Some strains of the Lactobacillaceae family, L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus KLSD, L. helveticus IMAU70129 and L. casei IMAU60214, may exacerbate DSS-induced colitis [69] and are involved in macrophage activation and the early initiation of inflammation in humans via mechanisms that implicate the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and participation in signaling cascades, such as the NF-κB and TLR2 pathways [70].