As shown in Figures S1–S3, 181 PCOS women were clustered into three phenotypic groups: a metabolic subtype (n = 62), characterized by higher BMI, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels; a reproductive subtype (n = 87), characterized by higher LH and SHBG and relatively lower BMI, glucose and insulin levels; and the remaining cases, designated the indeterminate cluster (n = 32), as they demonstrated no distinguishable clinical trait pattern. Here, PLOD1 is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.