Yu et al. found that F. nucleatum promoted CRC resistance to chemotherapeutics such as oxaliplatin and 5-Fu, targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and MyD88 innate immune signaling and specific microRNAs (miRNA-18a* and miRNA-4802) to activate the autophagy pathway and alter CRC’s chemotherapeutic response. Here, TLR4 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.