IGF1R and endothelial dysfunction: The most recent studies showed that excessive GH/IGF-1 has adverse effects on the cardiovascular system not only via increased expression of GH and IGF-I receptors in cardiomyocytes or enhanced sensitivity of myocardial myofilaments to calcium, but also by inducing endothelial dysfunction, which fosters a pro-atherogenic environment and a systemic inflammatory reaction [42,44,45,46,47,48].