Additionally, recent findings indicate that TGF-β1 increases the expression of genes encoding key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, including PFKFB3, inducing glycolisis in the glioblastoma cell line T98G and in the malignant glioma cell line U87-MG, presenting conclusive evidence on the pro-tumorigenic properties of TGF-β1 in transforming cells. Here, TGFB1 is linked to malignant glioma.