Adjusting for BMI and insulin resistance is very difficult, as both are so highly correlated with PCOS that regression adjustment for either or both would remove the effects of PCOS; therefore, determining if a decrease in AD-related risk factors is dependent on obesity and/or insulin resistance would require a population of PCOS subjects that were nonobese and not insulin resistant. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.