In the aforementioned cohort of 367 patients from the United States who had been on hemodialysis for less than 6 months [64], hypomagnesemia was associated with calcification in the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta in those without diabetes, independently of demographics, smoking history, and levels of serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and fetuin-A. This evidence concerns the gene PTH and Hypomagnesemia.