CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For instance, immune profiling studies on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cancer, and melanoma PDOs with TIME have revealed that the CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, CD14/CD68/CD 69+ macrophages, NK (natural killer), NKT (natural killer T) and B cells were well-maintained in tumor PDO models [7,90,91].