Interestingly, the level of SMURF2 Thr249 phosphorylation is lower in GSCs compared to differentiated glioma cells, leading to increased TGF-β activity; SMURF2 Thr249 phosphorylation regulates GBM tumor growth, invasiveness, and self-renewal of GSCs [62]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and glioma.