Initial studies of proteomics in AD identified a limited number of proteins potentially involved in AD, such as ALDH1, NCC27, S100/A11, cyclinA2, caldesmon 1 isoform 5, nucleophosmin 1, esterase D, chloride intracellular channel 4, vinculin, and filamin A proteins [236,237,238,239,240,241,242]. The gene discussed is VCL; the disease is Alzheimer disease.