HCN4 and heart disorder: The pathological mechanisms of hereditary cardiac diseases due to CAV3 mutations that have been described so far reported a direct influence of the CAV3 mutants on the activity of membrane ion channels localized within caveolae (Nav 1.5, Cav1.2, Kir2.1, Kv4.2, HCN4) [3,4,14,15,19,31,32].