PLG and urinary bladder carcinoma: Phosphonic acid-containing groups are inhibitors of urokinase plasminogen, a key enzyme in metastasis, and cell invasion has shown higher accumulation in bladder cancer epithelial cells UM-UC-3 than ARPE19 cells, higher ROS production, and IC50 values of 1.154–1.476 μM for urokinase plasminogen inhibition.