For example, increases in the levels of cytokines, particularly interleukin-β1 (IL-β1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which induce neuroinflammation and alter glial cell (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) function and are related to neurodegeneration in the hippocampus (Figure 3), have been observed after CHH exposure [65,112]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cartilage-hair hypoplasia.