Finally, the exploration of a possible role in obesity/diabetes processes of a protein, such as the S100B, concentrated both in the nervous and adipose tissue, induces a consideration of the possible intriguing relationships linking diabetes to a devastating and still largely unknown pathological condition of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which has been identified as the most common type of dementia, being the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of mortality in people 65 and older [74]. Here, S100B is linked to diabetes mellitus.