IM1 mainly causes a Thl-type immune response, plays a role in the defense against bacterial infection, aggravates inflammatory reactions and leads to tissue damage, upregulates the expression of intracellular inhibitor of cytokine signaling protein 3 (SOCS3), and activates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to produce NO from L-arginine [35]. Here, NOS2 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.