TLR9 and infection: Previous studies of our team supported the implications of innate immunity in promoting or suppressing H. pylori infection in children, revealing the contribution of certain TLR polymorphisms like TLR2 rs3804099 and TLR9 rs352140, as well as of inflammasomes (NLRP3 rs10754558), in augmenting inflammation as a response to this infection [2] (Table 2).