INS and Hyperinsulinemia: Moreover, when experimentally inducing hyperinsulinemia by a continuous infusion of insulin (with and without glucose clamping), Berkelaar et al. [40] as well as Schroeder et al. [61] were not able to unequivocally confirm an impact on the vagal tone, yet the mode of inducing hyperinsulinemia in their studies was quite different and indeed importantly differed from the physiological conditions simulated in our study.