KRAS and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm: Therefore, at this stage, it might be concluded that even if KRAS-mutated circulating cftDNA is indicative of the cancerous transformation of IPMN, it would be true only in later stages of the malignant process than at the point of IPMN with high-grade dysplasia/invasive carcinoma at which surgical removal is generally performed.