SMAD4 and pancreatic neoplasm: Specifically, we have identified BGN as a paracrine effector of RAC1b and TAp73 in human pancreatic cancer cells by showing that the basal and TGF-β1-driven ERK activating and promigratory effects of RAC1b/RAC1 exon 3b silencing [17,18], TAp73 silencing [15] or SMAD4 silencing [15] are duplicated by gene silencing of BGN or by antibody-mediated neutralization of its biological activity in culture supernatants.