CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Taking all of this together, biomarkers, including GLP-1, GIP, MCP-1, and IGFBP-7, are valuable in the field of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, and they can also be used as predictive models, because they provide specific information about the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiological processes of these conditions.