Reduced levels of dyskerin expression in cancer cells are associated with the decreased hypo-pseudouridylation of rRNAs, thereby affecting the structure and function of the ribosome, which is unable to directly translate a subset of IRES-containing mRNAs such as the p27 tumor suppressor, XIAP, TP53, CDKN1B, and the antiapoptotic factor BCL2L1, which are all crucial in cell cycle regulation, tumor suppression, and apoptosis [30,71,75]. The gene discussed is XIAP; the disease is neoplasm.