Despite the promising results of the above oligonucleotide-based antagonists in murine models of lupus, the clinical development of DV-1179 (a dual TLR7/9 antagonist) was halted after failing to achieve pharmacodynamic effectiveness in SLE patients [43] and none of these inhibitors is currently in clinical development for SLE (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene TLR7 and systemic lupus erythematosus.