TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: ATX levels in serum and BALFs are associated with inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, fibronectin, etc.), and the severity of illness (the SOFA score and PaO2/FIO2 ratio) in patients with ARDS, indicating that ATX/LPA may be involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS [48].