The peptides are orally stable analogs of Peptide T and DAPTA (D-Ala-Peptide T-Amide) [53,54,55], which were active in the prevention of: (1) lesion-induced cortical atrophy in aged rats [56]; (2) hippocampal microglial and astrocyte activation in a rat model of AD [57]; and (3) synapto-dendritic damage and behavioral delays associated with gp120 treatment in developing rodents [23]. The gene discussed is ITIH4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.