Cofilactin rod pathology has been identified in rodent models of multiple proteinopathies, including AD [14,15], α-synucleinopathy arising from overexpression of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) [16], intracerebroventricular administration of the HIV envelope gp120 protein linked to HAND [17], and astrocytic overexpression of the neuroactive peptide endothelin-1 [18,19]. This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and synucleinopathy.