Furthermore, in a study based on a PC-3 cell model, it was suggested that exosomal integrin β4 and vinculin were potential biomarkers for the progression of prostate cancer associated with taxane resistance since their expression was upregulated in exosomes derived from PC-3R taxane-resistant cells compared to PC-3 parental cells [149]. This evidence concerns the gene VCL and Familial prostate cancer.