HPGDS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We did not retrieve any article on Web of Science or PubMed referring to these molecular events in fibroblasts generated by the release of glutathione S-transferases from club cells, but studies in lungs from COPD patients showed that after induction related to toxicant exposure, glutathione S-transferases can be transported in the extracellular space, as they were present in sputum and in the airways, including the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages [37].