IFNA1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: While interferons display pleiotropic effects that drive both innate and adaptive immune responses [12,13], in the context of NPC, we asked whether the presence of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are prominent in NPC and are associated with mitochondrial and endolysosomal membrane damage, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation [14,15,16,17], might be a significant source of IFN-linked activity in the pre-symptomatic NPC brain.