CD4 and neoplasm: CD4+ T helper 1 (Th-1) cells also mediate an anti-tumor response through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, TNF⍺, and IFN-γ, which promotes not only T-cell priming and CTL cytotoxicity but also the anti-tumoral activity of macrophages and NK cells [114,115].