DPP4 and cancer: Additionally, metformin use, either alone or in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors, was associated with a lower risk of new-onset metastasis in diabetic patients with concomitant cancer, with hazard ratios of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79–0.90) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80–0.95), respectively [78].