This study also demonstrated the involvement of PIN1 in the IL-34-mediated phosphorylation of MEK, ERK, JNK and c-Jun [47], while the pro-tumorigenic role of CSF-1R was mediated by its interaction with the transforming growth factor-β-stimulated clone-22 (TSC-22) protein in cervical cancer cells. Here, CSF1R is linked to cervical carcinoma.