Studies have shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that provides potent cytoprotection, cell proliferation, and drug resistance [103], is expressed and correlates with the expression of IL-6 in the bone marrow microenvironment of MM patients and autocrine IL-6 in MM patient cells, and both HO-1 and IL-6 have been associated with disease severity in MM [104]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and Miyoshi myopathy.