Further in vitro studies have ascertained enhanced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells treated with a trifecta of SFN, aspirin, and curcumin (ASN), attributable to upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3, p-ERK1/2, p-c-Jun, p-p38 MAPK, and p-p53, and suppression of p-Akt and NF-κB [48]. Here, CASP3 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.