IL18 and chronic kidney disease: The levels of IL-18 doubled in animal models of ischemic acute renal failure, while the neutralization of IL-18 before the insult resulted in reduced creatinine level, tubular damage on histology and neutrophile [27], and macrophage infiltration [28], in particular M2 profibrotic macrophages highlighting its role in the progression of AKI to fibrosis and CKD [29].