The density of CD4+ T cells (r =  − 0.5187, p = 0.0001), CD8+ T cells (r =  − 0.3221, p = 0.0225), CD68+ macrophages (r =  − 0.4097, p = 0.0031), and PD-L1+ cells (r =  − 0.4119, p = 0.003), and the number of TLSs (r =  − 0.4665, p = 0.0006), were negatively correlated with tumor size (Supplementary Figure S6). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.