Meanwhile, studies also show that LMP1 can inhibit the DNA damage response through DNA-PK/AMPK signaling, and LMP1 positively regulates the expression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD44 and several stemness-associated genes (Nanog, Oct4, Bmi-1, and SOX2), which induces the development of CSCs and contributes to RT resistance in NPC [162, 163]. Here, BMI1 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.