The above-mentioned context is acute or chronic activation of cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes) innate immune signalling pathway in response to CIN, which determines whether the cell mounts immune-activating phenotype or undergoes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, enabling it to evade immune surveillance and metastasize (Fig. 1). This evidence concerns the gene STING1 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.