CCND1 and neoplasm: Except for the CSNP-treated group, the expression of the tumor-promoting CCND1 gene was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) downregulated in all treated groups compared to the EST-untreated control group, The PL-CSNP + DXN-CSNP combination showed the highest downregulation (tenfold) (Fig. 3A).