The analysis indicated that the expression levels of Metadherin were significantly upregulated in the majority of cancer tissues, including BRCA, cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and stomach adenocarcinoma compared with those noted in their corresponding normal tissues (Fig. 1A). This evidence concerns the gene MTDH and cholangiocarcinoma.