Genes involved in hepatic stem cells and HCC development that were significantly downregulated in DDC-fed mice on proglumide included Dscc1, a putative HCC driver gene that promotes proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis in HCC (46), and Capn11, a member of the calpain family involved in HCC proliferation (47). Here, DSCC1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.