In addition to the use of cytokines, HSEs with integrated CD4+ T cells or TH1- and TH17-polarized T cells have already been developed to study the pathogenesis of psoriasis (Moon et al., 2021; Niehues and van den Bogaard, 2018; Stanton et al., 2022; van den Bogaard et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and psoriasis.