NLRP3 and cystitis: Deletions of the inflammasome constituents Asc (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD or Pycard) or Nlrp3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) create an equally dramatic acute cystitis phenotype, caused by excessive activation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the pain sensors neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and substance P (SP), characterized by mucosal hyper-inflammation and pain [2,4].