RAD51 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: However, other functionalized GBNs (MFP-FePt-GO NCs) can upregulate the DNA breakage protein γ-H2AX and downregulate the DNA repair proteins such as p-53, RAD-51, and GADD45 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC cells), thereby enhancing DNA breakage, which in turn promotes the anticancer effects of drugs [83].