When exposed to particulate air pollution, the production of reactive oxygen species is activated, and the levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are significantly elevated by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinases, including protein kinase B and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways, and finally lead to endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation [24]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction.