Additionally, TBI can induce the upregulation of Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [106] and other target genes involved in ferroptosis, as well as the expression of AQP4 [104], leading to increased disruption of the BBB and exacerbation of traumatic brain edema. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and brain edema.