To our surprise, some studies have found that MSC-exosomes exhibit great potential in the treatment of leukemia; it has been reported that MSC-exosomes are rich in miR-124-5p and miR-222-3p and suppress the progression of acute myeloid leukemia by downregulating SMC4C and targeting IRF2/INPP4B (42, 43). Here, IRF2 is linked to leukemia.