The TME of bladder cancer showcases dynamic interactions between cancer cells and immune cells, notably involving circRNAs and lncRNAs.circFAM13B, for instance, overexpressed in bladder cancer, stimulates CD8 + T cells to secrete IFN-γ, enhancing immunotherapy effectiveness.It also interferes with IGF2BP1's binding to PKM2, reducing glycolysis in cancer cells [205]. Here, CD8A is linked to cancer.